1. Ministerial statements
1.1 Grenada MEP Ministerial Assertion
Grenada has a marine house that’s over seventy (70) occasions the dimensions of its land house; subsequently, the maritime economic system represents a probably important contributor to the GDP of the nation. The maritime economic system additionally gives immense alternatives for financial progress for Grenada each inside the traditionally vital sectors (e.g., marine tourism, fisheries, mariculture, delivery) in addition to for novel financial actions (e.g., offshore renewable vitality, deep sea minerals, oil & fuel, marine biotechnology).
This MEP gives a chance for Grenada to formally discover the alternatives in addition to the crosscutting points that presently exist inside this more and more vital subsector of the nationwide economic system.
Particularly, the plan gives a chance for Grenada to synthesize all of the sector-specific plans and insurance policies which are presently applied inside the maritime house right into a single cohesive method for the event of the marine economic system that engenders the basic ideas of interconnectivity, sustainability, fairness and good governance.
The Ministry of Sport, Tradition and the Arts, Fisheries and Cooperatives wish to acknowledge the individuals from inside the public service, non-public sector and civil society that might have generously contributed their time to facilitate the manufacturing of this doc geared in the direction of increasing the economic system of Grenada. The Ministry would additionally like to increase our gratitude to the UK Authorities for the help it’s offering to Grenada through The Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme.
Hon. Yolande Bain-Horsford, Minister of Sports activities, Tradition and the Arts, Fisheries and Cooperatives
1.2 Ministerial Assertion on behalf of the UK authorities
The ocean is the place life started and is important for all life on Earth. It regulates local weather and climate patterns, gives our meals, medication, vitality and different worthwhile sources, facilitates marine transport and commerce, and is stuffed with wonders we’ve hardly begun to grasp. Mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs additionally provide pure safety from the consequences of local weather change.
There’s robust scientific proof that efficient ocean safety shall be game-changing in turning issues round for local weather, for nature, and other people. For a lot of nations, particularly Small Island Growing States (SIDS), or ‘Giant Ocean States’ that’s much more vital, because the ocean is on the very coronary heart of their sustainable financial improvement and the way forward for their individuals.
This Maritime Economic system Plan presents a holistic view of the alternatives offered by the ocean for growing Grenada’s ‘blue economic system’ sustainably. It addresses points such because the position of marine tourism within the prosperity of Grenada; the necessity for accountable and sustainable coastal improvement to guard lives and houses within the occasion of utmost climate occasions; the potential of aquaculture and mariculture improvement for a extra numerous and resilient economic system; the necessity to take into account the safety of worthwhile ecosystems in nationwide planning choices; and the availability of numerous coaching and job alternatives inside the blue economic system to make sure that future generations proceed to reap the ocean’s advantages.
We’re delighted that the UK has been working in partnership with the Authorities of Grenada to develop this bespoke nationwide Maritime Economic system Plan underneath the Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme. The CME Programme has additionally been supporting Grenada by the supply of capability constructing and scientific information assortment, by the UK Hydrographic Workplace, the Centre for Atmosphere, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, and the Nationwide Oceanography Centre.
This analysis has supplied a lot wanted details about the well being and standing of the marine surroundings and the way to handle it sustainably.
By way of the CME Programme, Grenada has entry to the newly created Caribbean Fisheries Local weather Change Report Card, which defines the dangers and threats related to local weather change to the fisheries sector and choices for adaptation. Grenada has additionally benefitted from ocean modelling and monitoring which gives correct danger maps for its total coastal zone. This work has helped to help key local weather change resilience and coastal zone administration. For instance, seabed habitat maps will make sure that within the redevelopment of St George’s Harbour, and the potential improvement of a brand new port at Grenville, the position of recent port infrastructure doesn’t destroy biodiversity and important fish habitats. This work on the bottom builds a essential basis for the
suggestions contained on this Maritime Economic system Plan.
As Presidents of the twenty sixth United Nations Local weather Change Convention, the UK will make the case for ocean safety at each alternative. We’re happy to be partnering with plenty of Giant Ocean States on the frontline of local weather change to encourage local weather motion. There’s merely no path to web zero emissions, or the sustainable improvement targets, or the restoration of nature, with out efficient ocean safety and sustainable administration of the marine surroundings.
Bold and co-ordinated actions, like these outlined on this Maritime Economic system Plan, are essential for the long run well being of our ocean. We welcome this Maritime Economic system Plan, in addition to Grenada’s work with the Organisation of Japanese Caribbean States to develop a Nationwide Ocean Coverage to strengthen capability for ocean governance, in addition to coastal and marine spatial planning to facilitate the transition to a blue economic system. By working in partnership by the CME Programme, and thru tasks supported by our new British Excessive Fee in St George’s, the UK and Grenada are supporting commitments made at CHOGM 2018. That features the Commonwealth Blue Constitution, which helps Commonwealth international locations work collectively on a good, inclusive and sustainable method to ocean safety and financial improvement.
The UK Authorities stays dedicated to sustaining its monitor file as a dependable and dedicated improvement accomplice with Grenada in navigating this quickly growing maritime sphere. We share one international ocean – so we want an entire earth effort to maintain it.
Lord (Zac) Goldsmith of Richmond Park, Minister for Pacific and the Atmosphere
Lord (Tariq) Ahmad of Wimbledon Minister for South Asia and the Commonwealth and Prime Minister’s Particular
Consultant on Stopping Sexual Violence in Battle.
2. The Commonwealth Marine Economies Programme
The Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme was launched in 2016 and goals to help 17 Caribbean and Pacific Small Island Growing States (SIDS) in conserving their marine environments and taking advantage of their maritime sources to catalyse sustainable financial improvement. It’s designed to advertise progress, innovation, jobs and funding while safeguarding wholesome seas and ecosystems and it helps to handle local weather change, the UN Sustainable Growth Targets and the Paris Local weather Change Accord.
The CME Programme broadly includes three elements:
Authorities Engagement and Dialogue: The UK Authorities is dedicated to working in partnership with SIDS Governments of particular person international locations
Scientific Analysis and Capability Constructing: To sustainably handle and use marine sources, it’s critical to grasp them. As a demand-led initiative, since 2016 the Programme has been gathering information, endeavor scientific analysis and delivering capability constructing actions in opposition to a transparent motion plan developed from nation requests
Preparation of nationwide Maritime Economic system Plans: The place requested by SIDS Governments, and in partnership with them, the Programme will assess the prevailing nationwide economies and determine the alternatives and obstacles to improvement. Bespoke nationwide Maritime Economic system Plans (MEPs) shall be developed to allow particular person international locations to handle financial progress and alleviate poverty
The UK’s International, Commonwealth & Growth Workplace (FCDO) is main this Programme, which since 2016 has showcased UK world-leading experience in marine science by supply companions at the UK Hydrographic Workplace (UKHO), the Centre for Atmosphere, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) and the Nationwide Oceanography Centre (NOC). The programme has additionally engaged a crew of technical consultants who’re working in partnership with SIDS Governments to develop nationwide Maritime Economic system Plans. Examples of the work carried out in partnership with Grenada are supplied in Part 1.5.
On the Commonwealth Heads of Authorities assembly in April 2018, 53 international locations agreed the landmark Commonwealth Blue Constitution, a daring dedication that units out how member states will lead worldwide efforts to sustainably develop and shield our ocean. The CME Programme helps the goals of the Commonwealth Blue Constitution and is an integral a part of the UK’s effort to guard the well being of the world’s oceans and promote the expansion of blue economies.
3. Government abstract
This Maritime Economic system Plan is a partnership initiative between the Governments of the UK and Grenada. It gives an outline of the prevailing maritime economic system of Grenada and units out priorities and actions that purpose to assist the nation exhibit a transparent imaginative and prescient and path that takes account of nationwide points, worldwide commitments and the challenges of a Small Island Growing State. Actions help financial progress, livelihoods and jobs and scale back losses from pure hazards, climate occasions and local weather change. The general goal is to assist develop the nationwide economic system in a manner that displays the goals of the Commonwealth Constitution, together with good governance, sustainable improvement, gender equality and recognising the wants of small and weak States.
The ideas of low carbon, useful resource effectivity and social inclusion have been used to form the event of this Plan. That is suitable with the idea of the ‘blue economic system’, which first emerged on the 2012 Rio+20 United Nations Convention on Sustainable Growth and recognises the necessity to maximise the huge financial potential of the ocean whereas additionally preserving it for present and future generations. Progress in the direction of a blue economic system may help obtain a variety of UN Sustainable Growth Targets (SDGs), together with SDG 14 (Life Under Water), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Respectable Work and Financial Development), SDG 7 (Inexpensive and Clear Vitality) SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and others.
The maritime economic system contains established sectors comparable to fisheries, tourism and delivery in addition to rising actions comparable to offshore renewable vitality, aquaculture and marine biotechnology. It additionally contains the insurance policies and administration of those sectors and of the coastal and marine surroundings on which these sectors rely. This Plan describes the maritime economic system by way of Bedrock / Conventional sectors and Rising sectors, though different studies could describe it utilizing completely different classes (there is no such thing as a internationally agreed method to describe maritime economic system sectors).
([1]) Oil and Gasoline
([2]) Ocean Thermal Vitality Conversion
([3]) Sea Water Air Conditioning
This Maritime Economic system Plan has been produced on account of a number of months of desk work, structured questionnaires, a consultative mission to Grenada and discussions with a variety of Authorities, NGO, and different stakeholders. It’s subsequently very a lot a strategic overview of Grenada’s maritime financial potential. Every maritime economic system sector was topic to a bespoke multicriteria evaluation utilizing the knowledge collected from all of the sources to think about governance, surroundings, social elements, expertise, economic system and resilience and danger.
The Maritime Economic system Plan was topic to evaluate, suggestions and replace throughout 2020 / 2021, in session with the Authorities of Grenada. As a result of COVID-19 pandemic and related journey restrictions, engagement with stakeholders was carried out remotely by a sequence of on-line conferences, telephone calls and emails.
Key findings for Grenada’s maritime economic system are:
the event of marine tourism is rising and taking part in an growing position within the nation’s prosperity, however the sector must be managed in a manner that ensures long run sustainability, notably from coastal improvement, yachting and cruise tourism
the Nationwide Ocean Coverage (NOP) provides a framework to develop new maritime actions and guarantee they’re carried out in a sustainable method. The NOP can act as a planning coverage steering doc to assist implement actions and suggestions on this Maritime Economic system Plan and different insurance policies
there may be presently no Nationwide Maritime Transport Coverage. Such a coverage might assist meet Worldwide Maritime Organisation (IMO) necessities round security at sea, air pollution response and flag, coastal and port state measures. This can assist to handle a few of the water high quality / port waste points in Grenada
efforts to enhance public consciousness of marine and coastal security (together with boating, swimming and many others.) are vital to handle a perceived cultural worry of the ocean, which is limiting the realisation of the alternatives of a blue economic system
the COVID-19 pandemic has had a big impression on the economic system of Grenada and the Caribbean as an entire. GDP for 2020 is anticipated to cut back by 12% in comparison with 2019. The variety of tourism guests was diminished by 59% in 2020 in comparison with 2019, with ripple results felt throughout the nation. Some companies have discovered different earnings producing options, together with on-line actions. The World Financial institution has authorised a US$25 million COVID-19 Disaster Response and Fiscal Administration Growth Coverage Credit score to help the nation’s efforts to answer the COVID-19 disaster
Actions, main actors (who must be chargeable for the actions) and desired outcomes are offered for every maritime economic system sector. These are excessive stage actions which are of strategic significance for the sector and the nation. Every sector is given a prioritisation class – Pressing, New / Wants Consideration or Properly Established.
19 actions are recognized. The Coastal Growth sector requires pressing consideration. Coastal infrastructure linked to tourism is a vital space of improvement. Administration of local weather change impacts to tourism services by local weather resilient tourism insurance policies, plans and administration of the coastal zone is essential. The event of Shoreline Administration plans to prioritise coastal erosion and danger administration plans will assist Grenada’s means to adapt to local weather change. As well as, built-in island improvement plans that take account of all improvement wants that hyperlink to local weather danger and resilience are required.
Transport and ports is a well-established sector. To be able to strengthen the sector, assessments into marine air pollution contingency planning and the capability of ports, harbours and touchdown websites to handle waste are required along with growing a technique to reinforce coaching of marine professionals and seafarers.
The fisheries sector would profit from mainstreaming the sustainable use of marine sources in nationwide insurance policies and planning frameworks to make sure cross-Authorities understanding of the significance of fisheries to livelihoods and the economic system. As well as, formalising the maritime boundaries, mapping and implementing the boundaries would help in defending fishers’ rights and jurisdiction in marine areas.
Funding in analysis and improvement of marine renewable vitality applied sciences would strengthen the established vitality sector by lowering reliability on fossil fuels in Grenada.
Aquaculture and mariculture and ecosystem companies are rising sectors which want consideration with a view to contribute sustainably to Grenada’s maritime economic system. Enterprise feasibility assessments to think about the long run path for the aquaculture and mariculture sector and updating the Nationwide Fisheries Coverage would profit the sector. An ecosystem valuation evaluation will assist to make sure that ecosystem companies are protected and regarded for future resolution making.
The creation and implementation of a Nationwide Ocean Coverage (NOP) coordinated and suggested by a formally established Nationwide Ocean Governance Committee (NOGC) is an overarching motion wanted to enhance linkages between present insurance policies and plans of relevance to Grenada’s marine house. Such a cross-government, built-in method is required to embed the idea of the blue economic system throughout Ministries and Departments to successfully handle, shield and improve the marine space and the financial alternatives it gives for enhancing livelihoods and equality.
The actions, points and outcomes recognized on this Maritime Economic system Plan are excessive stage, strategic points that require additional dialogue and improvement earlier than they are often applied. Acceptable sources of funding should be recognized to help this course of. The Maritime Economic system Plan has been in a position to determine organisations probably in a position to present appropriate funding, nonetheless, it was past the scope of this preliminary excessive stage method to develop the actions and determine particular funds at this stage.
The subsequent step alongside the pathway in the direction of a blue economic system is for Grenada to work throughout authorities to determine these actions which are highest precedence and which the nation is most in a position to develop and implement with a view to create detailed implementation plans and funding purposes able to attaining success with regional and nationwide improvement businesses and funds. Such packages ought to create synergies with Grenada’s NOP, Built-in Coastal Zone Administration (ICZM) Coverage and Blue Development Strategic Masterplan, hyperlink to regional actions and targets within the Caribbean (e.g. Japanese Caribbean Regional Ocean Coverage, SAMOA Pathway) and meet the goals and targets of donor international locations and organisations; and funding programme priorities. It is a important process and must be addressed in a partnership method throughout authorities and with regional organisations. The UK Authorities helps the goals of the Commonwealth Blue Constitution by the Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme. The CME Programme is supporting Caribbean and Pacific Small Island Growing States (SIDS) to protect their marine environments and profit from their maritime sources to catalyse sustainable financial improvement, while safeguarding the well being of the ocean.
4. 1. Introduction
4.1 1.1. What’s the Maritime Economic system?
A maritime economic system can embody numerous elements, from established ocean industries comparable to fisheries, tourism and maritime transport, to rising actions comparable to offshore renewable vitality, aquaculture, deep sea mining, and marine biotechnology. The combo will rely upon nationwide circumstances however will present social and financial advantages for present and future generations, restoring and defending the variety, productiveness, resilience and pure capital of marine ecosystems.
Within the context of growing Maritime Economic system Plans, the phrases marine or maritime economic system and blue economic system are thought of synonymous, such that the deal with the maritime economic system, and plans to help its improvement and progress, embody the sustainability and fairness ideas of the blue economic system.
Blue economic system has been outlined as, “financial actions that (i) happen within the marine surroundings or that (ii) use sea sources as an enter, in addition to financial actions that (iii) are concerned within the manufacturing of products or the availability of companies that can straight contribute to actions that happen within the marine surroundings”[footnote 1].
At its easiest, the blue economic system contains all financial actions (present and potential) that rely upon the existence of the ocean, both straight or not directly. For Small Island Growing States (SIDS), the blue economic system typically includes nearly all of the nationwide economic system, with so many financial actions depending on the ocean. Interactions between financial, ecological and social pursuits on land and at sea, subsequently, change into symbiotic and tough to disentangle, such {that a} improvement on one aspect of the land/sea interface impacts the opposite.
4.2 1.1.1. Sectors within the Maritime Economic system
The maritime economic system could be divided and subdivided in some ways, with high-level generic divisions comparable to ‘Harvesting of sources’, ‘Commerce and commerce’, and ‘Ecosystem companies’ giving method to extra detailed classes primarily based on particular and established ocean industries comparable to ‘fishing’, ‘delivery’ or ‘tourism’. These could be subdivided additional – ‘fishing’ could be divided by vessel measurement, catch technique or goal species and might embody onshore actions comparable to promoting and processing or supporting actions comparable to netmaking and restore or chandlery and vessel upkeep.
A key step within the improvement of sustainable Maritime Economic system Plans is to analyse present maritime sectors, referred to as ‘bedrock’ or conventional sectors, to assist their transition to extra sustainable practices, the place wanted. Consideration is given to the potential for growing new sustainable maritime actions to switch these which are in decline or diversify the economic system. Pure capital / ecosystem companies are additionally taken into consideration as these underpin so many financial sectors and actions.
Determine 1 – A conceptual diagram of the sectors and interactions inside the blue economic system[footnote 2]
Marine ecosystem companies
Pure sources and the financial profit derived from them, whether or not particularly measured and included in financial valuations or not, are sometimes termed ‘ecosystem companies’ and are additionally thought of as a part of the blue economic system.
These historically non-monetised sources, such because the coastal defence profit derived from reefs, are more and more being explicitly thought of in administration choices and are integral to the worth and help of the blue economic system as they underpin and help lots of the conventional sectors comparable to fishing and tourism.
4.3 1.2. What’s a Maritime Economic system Plan?
There are various forms of plan used and utilized within the administration of the marine space. Most international locations have some type of planning of their marine space already, even when they don’t seem to be particularly known as a ‘Marine Plan’ e.g. designation of delivery / navigation lanes or the identification of protected areas for conservation or fishing. Planning helps to speak and obtain targets. Planning, as a course of, is vital for a variety of causes:
will increase effectivity by avoiding actions that don’t work in the direction of the said targets of the plan and by serving to to organise sources
facilitates coordination between organisations – everybody is aware of what the targets are and helps to outline roles and obligations
helps to take care of administration management over actions
helps facilitate constant resolution making
4.4 1.3. How you can use this Plan
this Plan solely considers sustainable (blue) practices and is worried with finance and economics of the Grenada Marine Space. It focuses on alternatives and dangers to sustainable financial improvement and areas the place there are better alternatives / dangers
it might be used to help choices about strategic Authorities / monetary help our bodies or mechanisms for sectors to develop e.g. ought to there be monetary help for a brand new fishery, for fleet renewal, for renewable vitality provide chain improvement. Ideally, a Maritime (or Blue) Economic system Plan ought to sit beneath and help the implementation of a Nationwide Ocean Coverage
it isn’t the intention that this Plan shall be used to tell particular person administration choices by regulators about which particular person actions ought to / shouldn’t be permitted in a specific place / time – that is the position of a Marine Spatial Plan
it doesn’t set priorities for all actions / makes use of – there are actions that happen within the marine space which don’t have a ‘conventional’ financial profit that aren’t included (e.g. cultural use, panorama/ seascape, non-use values, recreation, well being advantages). Such actions and makes use of will nonetheless be enshrined inside a Nationwide Ocean Coverage (which can sit above this plan) or be offered inside a Marine Spatial Plan, which could sit alongside this doc
it doesn’t include administration measures, however could determine how administration could be financed e.g. consumer entry charges for leisure diving areas, blue bonds, and many others
Determine 2 – Sorts of marine plan and the way they relate to one another
4.5 1.4. Advantages of a Maritime Economic system Plan for Grenada
Maritime Economic system Plans (MEPs) allow an evaluation of present maritime sectors to be undertaken with a view to assist the transition to extra sustainable practices, the place wanted, and to think about the potential for growing new, sustainable marine actions. The work identifies the bedrock / conventional sectors of the maritime economic system, the rising sectors and the pure capital / ecosystem companies utilised.
Having a Maritime Economic system Plan helps to exhibit that there’s a clear imaginative and prescient and path for the event of a sustainable maritime economic system that takes account of nationwide points, worldwide commitments, comparable to working in the direction of the achievement of the UN’s Sustainable Growth Targets (SDGs), with explicit reference to SDG14 – Life Under Water, and the challenges related to plenty of themes shared by Grenada and different SIDS, comparable to:
excessive dependency on imports for vitality – the principle supply of vitality is from hydrocarbons that need to be imported
excessive dependency on imports for meals provide
reliance on one or just a few financial sectors (e.g. fishing, tourism, and many others)
massive ocean useful resource, with potential for brand new / rising sector progress (e.g. biotechnology, renewable vitality, minerals, and many others).
capability constraints to successfully handle / exploit sustainably a big ocean space / useful resource – comparatively small inhabitants, authorities, useful resource (e.g. navy, analysis / exploration functionality)
weak to financial and environmental shocks (e.g. earthquakes, tsunami, hurricanes), together with these pushed by local weather change (e.g. sea stage rise, ocean acidification) with low resilience / means to get better
regional co-operation and organisations are properly established (these could also be sector particular e.g. fisheries, or extra huge ranging)
distant areas – will increase prices for each imports and exports of products and companies
excessive ranges of poverty / social inequality – have to make progress inclusive to learn all
excessive nation debt and excessive relative proportion of presidency price range on servicing debt
The general goal is to develop the nationwide economic system, such that the nation turns into economically resilient and fewer reliant on monetary assist. Additionally it is meant to mirror the goals of the Commonwealth Constitution, together with good governance, sustainable improvement, gender equality and recognising the wants of small and weak States.
4.6 1.5. The Commonwealth Marine Economies Programme in Grenada
Plenty of precedence actions have been carried out in Grenada underneath the CME Programme, following an preliminary spherical of nationwide engagement on nation priorities in 2016. These embody:
provide of recent navigation charts and coaching in using new maps and bathymetric information
manufacturing of a Maritime Security Data improvement plan to help port authorities with compliance of worldwide delivery laws
provision of information on coastal sensitivity to grease spills and danger of introduction of non-native species for the nationwide and regional catastrophe administration groups
coastal property and group vulnerability danger evaluation in opposition to local weather change
coaching on measuring sea stage, floor winds and waves to assist predict pure hazards
the event of habitat maps that shall be key to making sure that the position of recent port infrastructure won’t destroy biodiversity and important fish habitat
Blue Carbon report on seagrasses and mangroves that helps Pure Capital Accounting, earlier financial assessments of blue carbon and the Grenada Nationwide Ecosystem Evaluation
nationwide coastal danger evaluation work that required bathymetric surveys and nationwide and regional ocean modelling. This produced a danger map of your complete coastal zone of Grenada to facilitate planning for preventative or mitigative measures to minimise danger to coastal infrastructure and native communities within the face of such pure hazards. This work has allowed assessments to be made for the redevelopment of St George’s Harbour and a possible new port at Grenville on the east coast
Regional Caribbean initiatives:
ocean modelling and monitoring utilizing the Caribbean regional Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) mannequin to validate water stage, currents, temperature and salinity information to help local weather change resilience and decision-making
improvement of the Caribbean Regional Local weather Change Report Card to obviously outline the dangers and threats related to local weather change in weak areas. This report card was used as a proper submission by the area into the UNFCCC course of
Hydrographic governance coaching and motion planning to assist determine and prioritise hydrographic information gaps and capability necessities, primarily based on financial dangers, alternatives, security at sea (e.g. ship-wrecks), surroundings and disaster administration
improvement of a danger register, record of case research and steering to enhance the planning, design, and set up of subsea cables to cut back danger from hazards. This can enhance understanding of the impression of hazardous occasions to communications cables and their causes; and subsequently, enhance telecommunications resilience
manufacturing of a fisheries Report Card for the Caribbean on growing the resilience of the sector to local weather change
improvement of a report and workshop to lift consciousness of renewable vitality alternatives within the Caribbean
improvement of a spiny lobster larval dispersal mannequin for the Caribbean to tell the evaluation of the potential for spiny lobster aquaculture within the area (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines)
5. Grenada’s Maritime Economic system
5.1 2.1. Background
Grenada is a tri-island nation comprising the islands of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, and is among the most southerly of the Windward Islands within the Japanese Caribbean. The wants, challenges and improvement alternatives of the smaller islands are intimately linked with the ocean and distinct from these of the island of Grenada.
Determine 3 – Map of Grenada
Supply: https://www.worldometers.information/maps/grenada-map/
Hurricanes Ivan and Emily in 2004 and 2005 considerably impacted Grenada’s economic system, such that some sectors are usually not totally recovered even now. The whole injury from Hurricane Ivan alone was estimated at twice Grenada’s GDP (Govt. of Grenada, 2017)[footnote 3]. Between 2000 and 2005 actual GDP progress averaged about 5.5% per yr however then decreased yearly to 2012, on account of climate occasions, international financial crises and a discount in US vacationer guests. GDP has since returned to progress[footnote 4].
Grenada has a largely tourism-based, small, open economic system that has shifted from one which was agriculture-dominant into one that’s services-dominant, with tourism serving because the main international foreign money incomes sector.
Agriculture and fishing stay vital sectors, dominating exports – nutmeg and mace, cocoa; contemporary fruit and greens and contemporary fish account for round 50% of Grenada’s exports (OEC web site)[footnote 6].
Grenada’s financial progress is predicted to proceed, whereas each unemployment and public debt are predicted to proceed to fall. The Citizenship-By-Funding (CBI) programme is each financing the exterior deficit and supporting financial progress (IMF web site)7. The Caribbean Growth Financial institution (CDB) tasks financial progress of 4.5%, with related outcomes anticipated over the medium time period (CDB, 2018).
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a big impression on the economic system of Grenada and the Caribbean as an entire. Grenada’s GDP grew an estimated 3.1% in 2019 pushed by robust exercise within the development and tourism sectors. Nevertheless, as a result of COVID-19 pandemic that is anticipated to cut back by 12% for 2020. It’s forecast to rise to six.1% in 2021 topic to the post-pandemic international financial restoration.
The variety of tourism guests was diminished by 59% in 2020 in comparison with 2019, leading to a discount within the resort and tourism sector and resulting in a big fall in employment within the sector. Ripple results of the COVID-19 pandemic have been felt throughout the nation with closure of instructional establishments, cessation of non-essential financial and social actions, alongside dwindling development and funding exercise.
Companies have diversified their actions and have discovered different earnings producing options. Plenty of new industries have been developed, notably on-line companies. Grenada Industrial Growth Company (GIDC) and Grenada Chamber of Trade and Commerce (GCIC) take into account that Grenada might diversify its economic system by offering a platform for corporations seeking to outsource their IT companies.
In December 2020, the World Financial institution authorised a US$25 million Grenada COVID-19 Disaster Response and Fiscal Administration Growth Coverage Credit score to help the nation’s efforts to answer the COVID-19 disaster within the quick time period and improve long-term sustainability.
Desk 1 – Chosen financial indicators
*estimated
Supply: Caribbean Growth Financial institution, 2018[footnote 5]
a, World Financial institution web site https://information.worldbank.org/nation/grenada
5.2 2.2. Present Financial Sectors
2.2.1. Context
Each facet of a SIDS’s economic system could be thought of as being linked to the maritime economic system due to the dependence on maritime actors in importing essential gear and exporting produce to native and wider markets.
The tourism and transport sectors are to be the principle drivers of progress, together with continued restoration within the agriculture sector. The tourism sector expanded in 2018. Keep-over arrivals rose 10.3%, with all main supply markets growing, together with a 27% enhance in cruise ship passenger arrivals. This progress in flip fuels progress within the resort and restaurant sector, which is additional supported by regional and worldwide occasions, such because the Carriacou Boat Regatta, Grenada Invitational Athletics Meet, Dive Fest, Pure Grenada Music Pageant and SpiceMas.
The development sector continues to be a significant supply of financial exercise and employment. Key private and non-private development tasks are fuelling this sector, together with the Airport growth, St. George’s College, Silver Sands Resort and the Parliament Constructing, in addition to tasks underneath the UK-Caribbean Infrastructure Fund. This sector reveals no indicators of slowing down (Ministry of Finance, 2018)[footnote 8].
Non-public Training is the biggest contributor to GDP, constituting roughly 19.3 % in 2018, and has additionally been one of many fundamental drivers of financial progress in recent times (Ministry of Finance, 2018).
2.2.2. Maritime economic system
This part describes Grenada’s maritime economic system, utilizing the overall financial sectors set out in Desk 2.
Desk 2 – Maritime Economic system sectors
The next tables present particulars of present financial actions through a sectoral overview and abstract of financial contribution together with a brief description of rising alternatives.
[PHOTO: View of Saint George’s, the Capital of Grenada]
2.2.2.1. Bedrock sectors
2.2.2.2. Rising sectors
6. 3. Cross Chopping Points
Plenty of points minimize throughout the completely different financial sectors beforehand highlighted and deserve consideration in their very own proper. Individually, they’re important sufficient for SIDS with a small and static inhabitants, a geographically-expansive however constrained useful resource space and extremely risky and altering geomorphology. Nevertheless, their inter-connections enhance their particular person results: in consequence, these interactions should be actively thought of as a part of the suggestions contained inside an MEP.
6.1 3.1. Regional Organisations within the Caribbean
International locations within the Wider Caribbean Area (WCR) have a powerful custom of working collectively to attain shared targets and this can be a explicit characteristic in relation to ocean governance and administration. The Caribbean Group (CARICOM), is an financial bloc of 14 member international locations that permits for the implementation of widespread approaches and collaboration together with using marine sources. CARICOM has a number of related businesses that cope with problems with relevance to maritime economic system sectors or issues, together with the Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM), Caribbean Group Local weather Change Centre (CCCCC), Caribbean Tourism Group (CTO) and the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH).
The Organisation of Japanese Caribbean States (OECS) was established by a number of CARICOM states. These international locations share a standard method to coverage areas comparable to commerce, well being, training and the surroundings, together with issues referring to the ocean and its sources. The OECS additionally gives the premise for the supply of the Ideas of Environmental Sustainability underneath the St. George’s Declaration, making it a big driver to attain SDGs within the Japanese Caribbean.
6.2 3.2. Present State of Marine Planning and Administration in Grenada
The Authorities of Grenada may be very conscious of the necessity for marine planning and administration and has undertaken a number of nationwide initiatives, together with:
Built-in Coastal Zone Administration (ICZM) Coverage
Ridge to Reef (R2R) Initiative
Nationwide Adaptation Plan (NAP)
Marine Protected Areas Programme
Blue Development Strategic Masterplan
Grenada is working in the direction of designating 25% of coastal areas as MPAs; there are presently 4 MPAs.
In 2013, the OECS authorised and adopted the Japanese Caribbean Regional Ocean Coverage (ECROP) to advertise a standard method to ocean governance in all member states and mandated that every member develop a Nationwide Ocean Coverage (NOP) to help the overarching regional coverage. The ECROP has plenty of priorities and targets, lots of that are synergistic with the SDGs and subsequently of relevance to the maritime / blue economic system. As a part of the OECS, Grenada is totally built-in into the ECROP programme and is actively growing a Nationwide Ocean Coverage (NOP) inside the ECROP framework and insurance policies:
safe entry to sources – clearly outlined maritime boundaries, monitoring, compliance, surveillance
& enforcement
undertake multiple-use ocean planning and built-in administration
preserve and enhance ecosystem integrity
promote public consciousness, participation, and accountability
promote social and financial improvement
help analysis and capability constructing
construct resilience and handle uncertainty
The NOP will create a framework for built-in planning and administration of the marine house and actions from 2020 to 2035 to ship Grenada’s NOP imaginative and prescient:
Our marine and coastal sources are sustainably managed to maximise the potential of the blue economic system, guarantee resilience to local weather impacts, shield and restore marine ecosystems and nurture our pure and cultural heritage for the advantage of present and future generations.
Grenada’s NOP is predicated on 12 overarching ideas:
Island Techniques Administration (ISM)
Entry and profit sharing
Ecosystem Primarily based Administration (EBM)
Precautionary method
Environmental stewardship
Environmental legal responsibility
Sustainable Growth
Transboundary cooperation
Public and Non-public Participation
Good governance
Use of sound science and finest observe
Gender Fairness and Inclusivity
The Island Techniques Administration (ISM) idea was developed by the OECS and recognises the actual traits of islands; the necessity to take a systemic view throughout land and sea. It’s a multidisciplinary, built-in method utilizing adaptive administration to handle battle in useful resource use and supply insurance policies to manage the impacts of human intervention. It’s intently associated to, and builds on, approaches in ICZM and R2R.
A Nationwide Ocean Governance Committee (NOGC) comprising representatives from related public our bodies shall be established to ship, monitor progress, and be accountable for making certain that actions within the NOP are carried out.
Desk 3 – Ministries, Departments and Our bodies with a job in marine planning and administration
6.3 3.3. Climate occasions and Local weather Change
Grenada is characterised by mountainous terrain with in depth corals and mangroves. It has a moist, tropical local weather with roughly 3% of its land space at sea stage, together with the principle cities and key socio-economic services. Grenada is usually thought of to be under the Caribbean hurricane belt, however it’s weak to tropical storms, occasional hurricanes and storm surges. The hurricane season is from June to November.
Coral reefs are an vital supply of earnings for Grenada offering tourism, recreation and fishing alternatives. They’re additionally important for safeguarding the island in opposition to opposed climate occasions comparable to storms and hurricanes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Local weather Change (IPCC) has concluded that coral ecosystems are among the many most weak to local weather change as they’re topic to rising ocean floor temperatures, resulting in coral bleaching and acidification of marine waters.
There are two distinct rainfall patterns – the dry season sometimes runs from January to Could and the wet season from June to December. Carriacou and Petite Martinique usually expertise decrease ranges of rainfall and might endure extreme drought circumstances. Floods are largely related to storm surges in low coastal areas, which additionally trigger erosion. Landslides are a danger throughout the wet season within the mountain areas. The Coastal Vulnerability and Danger Evaluation Mission for Grenada reveals that the nation is extremely weak to sea stage rise, and that there
is potential for inundation of land and flooding[footnote 30], which might considerably have an effect on industrial actions, human settlements and infrastructure (airport, ports, tourism), in addition to inflicting important erosion, and potential disappearance of seashores. The direct results of sea stage rise on agriculture are much less extreme, though some areas are already experiencing saline intrusion to coastal aquifers.
Adjustments in precipitation and temperature brought on by local weather change elevate issues for water availability, which might impression farmers, particularly these rising vegatables and fruits, whereas extra erratic rainfall patterns might result in intervals of drought and / or heavy rains eroding soil, damaging crops and growing agricultural runoff.
Grenada submitted its first Nationwide Communications (NC1) together with its greenhouse fuel stock to the United Nations Framework Conference on Local weather Change (UNFCCC) in 2000. The nation signed and ratified the Paris Settlement and submitted its first Nationally Decided Contribution (NDC) in 2016. In 2020, Grenada submitted its second NDC to the UNFCCC as affirmation of the bold 2030 NDC goal of a 40% discount in GHG emissions under 2010 ranges (attaining this goal is conditional on exterior funding). Grenada’s NDC highlights the nation’s dedication in the direction of a low carbon and local weather resilient improvement pathway.
3.3.1. Alternatives and plans for local weather motion
Grenada has a Nationwide Adaptation Plan (NAP) which is the central supply mechanism for local weather resilience andadaptation. It’s a technique of figuring out medium and long-term adaptation wants and growing and implementing methods and programmes to handle these wants.
Mitigation:
2030 goal – 40% absolute emission discount in comparison with base yr of 2010; 2025 goal yr – 30% absolute emission discount in comparison with base yr of 2010
demand-side Effectivity – Emissions reductions within the constructing sector by retrofitting (20%) and vitality effectivity constructing codes (30%); and 20% emissions discount within the resort sector
transport (land and marine) – 20% emissions discount within the transport sector by 2025. Gasoline and diesel taxes; introduction of biofuel blends; and fuel-efficient requirements for autos
waste – Development of a managed (or capped) landfill to compact and canopy waste and gather methane fuel generated for electrical energy manufacturing; employment of waste discount, sorting and recycling actions
forestry – nationwide obligation to guard 17% of its terrestrial space as a part of the Aichi Goal and 20% underneath the Caribbean Problem initiative
Adaptation:
Coastal zone administration:
undertake an in depth mapping of the coastal options to supply a definition of the coast
re-established its seaside monitoring program underneath new phrases of reference and stronger institutional backing
undertake a number of group ecosystem primarily based adaptation actions together with coral restoration, mangrove rehabilitation, all with different livelihood implications
Water Useful resource Administration – full a vulnerability evaluation and develop a nationwide adaptation plan and motion plan for the water sector, mapping and water high quality testing of casual water sources
water conservation and re-use – rainwater harvesting in some distant communities to enhance water assortment and storage
Cross-cutting features:
enhancing the institutional framework on local weather change – set up an built-in and coordinated method to addressing local weather change to assist minimise capability gaps within the system whereas making certain coherence and cohesion on the native and nationwide stage
constructing the resilience of communities – interact group teams and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) within the participation of actions geared at constructing local weather resilience
6.4 3.4. Ecosystem Companies
Marine and coastal environments, and their supporting ecosystems, help a various vary of sea life that’s vital for international biodiversity and play a big position in Grenada’s economic system and lifestyle. Sustaining the well being and biodiversity of marine ecosystems in Grenada is key for the companies that they presently present, for supporting cultural and social well-being and for future sustainable improvement alternatives.
Present ecosystem companies embody subsistence meals provision from fisheries and aquaculture, shore stabilisation and coastal safety supplied by mangroves and carbon sequestration from seagrass and tidal marshes. The safety and preservation of coral reefs is of essential significance, each from an ecological perspective and for his or her position in supporting a vacationer business that relies upon largely on wholesome marine and coastal ecosystems.
Degradation of marine ecosystems presents a significant risk to livelihoods, well being and well-being. Within the marine space, these come from the consequences of local weather change, together with ocean acidification and coral bleaching, bodily injury from more and more intense hurricanes and the expansion of maritime actions and land-based air pollution.
3.4.1. Financial contribution
Coastal and marine ecosystems present a wide range of ecological capabilities that straight and not directly translate to financial companies and worth to people. Nevertheless, the worth of ecosystem companies is commonly tough to quantify as it isn’t simply captured in ‘conventional’ financial stability sheets. It is probably not instantly seen in markets, enterprise transactions or nationwide financial accounts and it might solely be perceived when companies are diminished or misplaced (MACBIO, 2015)[footnote 31]. The significance of pure property could be disregarded if they’re under-valued and, subsequently, they could change into overused or depleted. In flip, this may occasionally have actual and important, if unintended, knock-on results to financial sectors.
Grenada has carried out plenty of protected space ecosystem valuation workout routines. There’s presently an initiative between the Atmosphere Division and the Caribbean Pure Sources Institute (CANARI) to hold out a country-wide Nationwide Ecosystem Evaluation of Grenada for 2019 – 2023 (CANARI, 2020)[footnote 32]. The Nationwide Sustainable Growth Plan (NSDP) additionally considers ecosystem companies for the blue economic system, with stakeholders expressing issues about expertise gaps which pose challenges in accessing new applied sciences.
6.5 3.5. Coastal and Catastrophe Danger Administration
The Nationwide Catastrophe Administration Company (NDMA) is the physique chargeable for the general administration of disasters and emergency conditions in Grenada.
3.5.1. Pure Hazards
Historic information point out that Grenada has been adversely affected by a variety of pure hazards comparable to droughts, floods, wind, storm surges, tropical cyclones, landslides and seismic hazards (earthquakes and tsunamis).
There’s the potential for critical opposed impacts to coastal communities and infrastructure from flooding, sea-level rise and inundation, particularly throughout storm surges. Severe disruption of social and financial life may very well be anticipated to happen on account of pure hazards. Coastal erosion from SLR and excessive occasions might disrupt coastal villages comparable to Gouyave, Grand Mal, Duquesne, Soubise and Marquis. Roads by these communities and different areas comparable to Carriacou are at or under sea stage in some instances. These roads might expertise flooding and change into impassable throughout excessive tides and expertise extreme injury throughout storm surges. Maurice Bishop Airport is taken into account essentially the most in danger CARICOM airport with regard to SLR[footnote 33].
There’s a need to extend improvement within the coastal zone to help authorities coverage targets related to sustainable tourism. An space of essential significance is the specter of seaside erosion to nearly all of the prevailing tourism services in areas positioned close to the shoreline (e.g. Grand Anse and Carenage), the place important land and seaside losses are predicted resulting from sea stage rise (SLR)[footnote 34]:
Grand Anse: land loss ~ 206,000m2 and seaside lack of over 54,509m2. Resorts impacted on this area embody the Allamanda Seaside Resort, Coyaba Seaside Resort, Spice Island Resort and Flamboyant Resort (presently being renovated underneath a brand new title)
Carenage (harbour within the capital): land lack of nearly 19,000m2. There aren’t any seashores on this space
Marquis: land lack of over 9,000m2 and seaside lack of over 4,000m2
Soubise: land lack of over 13,700m2 and seaside lack of over 3,000m2
The Bodily Planning Unit (PPU) is the authority chargeable for planning and improvement management and the safety of the pure and cultural heritage. Though its mandate contains ahead planning, nearly all of its operations are centered on improvement management. As there is no such thing as a updated Nationwide Bodily Growth Plan, the PPU is working with none planning steering or land zoning improvement orders in place. The PPU manages this course of by consulting extensively inside authorities to make sure the nationwide coverage path is taken ahead.
Grenada and St. Lucia have applied an insurance coverage scheme particularly designed to help the fishing business within the occasion of utmost climate occasions; Caribbean Oceans and Aquaculture Sustainability Facility (COAST) insurance coverage, with help from the CME Programme, World Financial institution and Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM). The insurance coverage has been developed by the Caribbean Disaster Danger Insurance coverage Facility Segregated Portfolio Firm (CCRIF SPC). The insurance coverage encourages and incentivises the sustainable administration of fisheries, coverage reforms and climate-smart fisheries and provides cowl for fishers and associated companies (e.g. distributors) within the occasion of utmost climate occasions comparable to tropical storms and hurricanes. The federal government is encouraging all vessels to be insured and can solely present licences if the fisher has insurance coverage. Moreover, the Grenada Growth Financial institution will solely present vessel loans if the fisher is licensed and insured.
3.5.2. Man-made Hazards
Along with pure hazards there are a variety of artificial hazards comparable to fires, air pollution, poisonous spills and accidents, together with forest fires and oil spill occasions. The impression of an oil spill may very well be probably devastating to Grenada’s pure sources by way of destruction of seashores, coral reefs and marine life.
6.6 3.6. Gender equality
The UN SDG 5 goals to attain gender equality and empower all girls and ladies. There are 9 targets, with not less than one indicator every, that purpose to attain the overarching objective. Maritime industries are historically male-dominated areas, notably in bedrock sectors of fishing, ports / delivery, marine aggregates. Industrial and offshore fisheries stay a male-dominated sector worldwide. Girls’s roles and actions in these bedrock sectors are usually in supporting onshore roles, comparable to fish processing, meals preparation and repair sector roles.
The UN has highlighted the gender equality points across the COVID-19 pandemic, noting that almost all of caregivers, at dwelling, in communities and in well being care, are girls. Though these most affected by COVID-19 are reportedly males, the aged, and other people with continual illnesses and weak immune programs, girls and ladies are disproportionately impacted by each the illness and the general public well being measures to include it. Girls are at elevated danger of an infection resulting from their caregiving position; and lack of livelihood, resulting from their jobs tending to be in service sectors which have been closed; or partly time or casual work.
Girls’s position in subsistence nearshore / coastal fishing is commonly unpaid and, subsequently, undervalued in financial information. A transfer in the direction of valuing ecosystem companies and the financial contribution that ecosystems make in supporting the economic system will assist to spotlight the worth of the roles of ladies to the economic system. The stewardship and administration of ecosystem companies and the creation of recent small scale enterprise alternatives may also present extra alternatives for girls and extra rural or distant island communities, comparable to by small scale aquaculture.
Tourism is one maritime economic system sector that gives a wider vary of alternatives for girls to take an lively half within the economic system. The chance to diversify and develop the tourism providing creates the chance for girls and rural / distant communities to have interaction within the economic system. The event of this Maritime Economic system Plan has included consideration of how gender equality presently impacts the maritime economic system sectors as a part of the multicriteria evaluation carried out (see part 4.1).
7. 4. Evaluation and Plan Growth
This Plan has been produced on account of a number of months of desk work mixed with a consultative mission to Grenada, throughout which intensive discussions had been scheduled with a variety of presidency, NGO, and personal sector stakeholders. It’s subsequently very a lot a strategic overview of Grenada’s maritime financial potential. Typically such swift approaches and taking a ‘helicopter view’ is usually a extremely useful mechanism for succinctly reducing by element and prioritising wants. The Maritime Economic system Plan was topic to evaluate, suggestions and replace throughout 2020 / 2021, with the Ministry of Sports activities, Tradition and the Arts, Fisheries & Co-operatives performing as the focus for engagement.
This doc is offered as a foundation for additional dialogue and to help Grenada alongside the tough however essential pathway in the direction of the realisation of a blue economic system.
The Plan was topic to wide-ranging scrutiny and session and following related revisions, it’s anticipated that it’ll in the end help Grenada within the implementation of its Nationwide Ocean Coverage.
7.1 4.1. Strategies
The next strategies had been developed and utilized to help session and discussions with stakeholders and the evaluation of knowledge:
to assist collect data throughout nation visits and search the views and opinions of stakeholders to tell the event of the Maritime Economic system Plan, a sequence of structured questions was developed. Questions had been grouped by sector (e.g. fisheries) or theme / challenge that’s widespread to many SIDS or that has the potential to have an effect on the maritime economic system (e.g. catastrophe danger, infrastructure and engineering)
the place acceptable, stakeholders had been aided within the means of prioritising maritime sector points with the assistance of a Card Sorting train (see Determine 4). ‘Card sorting’ prioritisation of maritime economic system sectors and discussions of priorities had been held with stakeholders, both individually, in teams, or in workshops. Discussions focussed on 4 ‘key drivers’ for the nation’s maritime economic system, their relative significance and any potential tensions between the important thing drivers, to grasp the over-arching problems with significance affecting all maritime economic system sectors. Determine 4 overleaf presents the important thing drivers
data collected by the structured interview questions; desktop examine of revealed and gray literature and studies and information supplied by the departments and ministries contacted was topic to a bespoke multicriteria evaluation developed to assist inform the maritime economic system plan course of. The multicriteria evaluation was termed a GESTER evaluation (see Desk 4).
conventional and rising maritime economic system sectors had been topic to the GESTER of the present state of affairs or standing of the sector, contemplating each constructive and damaging features of the sector. The evaluation served to show the method to fundamental environmental and social screening
The factors in opposition to which every sector was thought of are proven in Desk 4. Card sorting (Determine 4) supplied a sequence of lenses for analyzing completely different sectors. The Maritime Economic system Plan was then drafted following this evaluation.
PHOTO: Coastal highway in Grenada
Desk 4 – Multicriteria (GESTER) evaluation
Determine 4 – Card sorting key drivers
Constructing a vibrant and productive maritime / blue economic system could also be assisted by concerted focus upon key maritime financial sectors. These sectors could then be aligned with a sequence of over-arching Ideas that after adhered to will help a rustic to observe a transparent and inclusive pathway to sustainable maritime financial progress (see Determine 5).
The United Nations has adopted ocean improvement as a part of its Sustainable Growth Targets (SDGs). SDG 14 goals to “Preserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine sources for sustainable improvement.” The blue economic system interlinks with nearly all of the SDGs, together with SDG5, SDG11, SDG8, SDG7 and others. Aquatic and marine sources play a vital position in supporting maritime financial sectors. Progress in the direction of a blue economic system may help obtain a variety of SDGs. Determine 6 illustrates a few of the linkages between blue economic system improvement and the 17 SDGs[footnote 35].
Determine 5 – Ideas of a sustainable Blue Economic system[footnote 36]
Determine 6 – The Blue Economic system and attaining SDGs
8. 5. Key messages, priorities and actions
This part of the plan units out the important thing messages and priorities for the maritime economic system of Grenada. It highlights the overarching messages and key drivers for the nation and for every of the maritime economic system sectors, taking account of the present financial actions, alternatives and dangers and session with stakeholders.
The significance of key present and growing insurance policies and plans in Grenada, notably the NOP, NAP and ICZM plan is recognised. The place the priorities, actions and suggestions on this MEP assist to attain or hyperlink to insurance policies within the NOP, the related NOP targets are recognized.
8.1 5.1. Key messages and Key drivers for Grenada’s Maritime Economic system
The overarching key points driving Grenada’s maritime economic system are:
marine tourism is taking part in an growing position within the prosperity of Grenada and must be managed in a sustainable manner to make sure its viability in the long run. Particularly, the impacts of yachting and cruise tourism should be totally understood
there may be the potential for brand new maritime actions so as to add to the financial prosperity of Grenada. The NOP is designed to recognise the potential for these new actions. For instance, potential oil and fuel extraction, mariculture and marine renewables all should be ruled by insurance policies that guarantee they’re carried out in an environmentally sustainable manner, ought to they be actions that Grenada needs to strategically pursue
the growing NOP will act as a planning coverage steering doc to assist implement actions and suggestions on this MEP and different insurance policies, such because the cabinet-endorsed ICZM Coverage
there is no such thing as a Nationwide Maritime Transport Coverage. This shall be wanted to satisfy Worldwide Maritime Organisation (IMO) necessities round security at sea, air pollution response and flag, coastal and port state measures and can assist to handle a few of the water high quality / port waste points within the nation
efforts to enhance public consciousness of marine and coastal security (together with boating, swimming and many others.) are vital to handle a perceived cultural worry of the ocean, which is limiting the realisation of the alternatives of a blue economic system
8.2 5.2. Priorities
The priorities listed here are cross-sectoral and determine the place actions are required to maneuver in the direction of a sustainable blue economic system whereas additionally implementing the Grenada Nationwide Ocean Coverage (NOP), ship the NOP Imaginative and prescient and realise the overarching ECROP polices, to which Grenada is signed up. These priorities and themes are picked up in lots of the actions recognized for maritime economic system sectors in part 5.3.
Precedence 1 – Collaboration
To create the required platform for future collaboration amongst all sectors in Grenada, there’s a have to coordinate exercise inside a formally established Nationwide Ocean Governance Committee (NOGC) and enhance linkages between present insurance policies and plans of relevance to Grenada’s marine house. It is a important step within the implementation of the ECROP in Grenada and embedding the idea of the blue economic system throughout authorities. Vital preliminary actions for the NOGC are:
agree phrases of reference and develop an operations steering guide for the NOGC by related our bodies
formalise the annual interim evaluate of the Grenada NOP. Determine clear actions for key organisations in Grenada to supply data on regional and worldwide commitments and sectoral analyses. Produce an annual Ocean Standing Progress Report that can be utilized to compile a 5 yearly Ocean Standing Report
evaluate the suggestions and actions set out on this MEP to make sure Grenada particular steering is ready and disseminated for inter-departmental mainstreaming into sectoral work plans. Steerage must be articulated in a manner that it’s understood and in a position to be integrated into authorities departmental enterprise with minimal impression
oversee and information the continuing manufacturing of Marine Spatial Plans and Coastal Grasp Plans for Grenada to help the implementation of the NOP and actions on this MEP that the NOGC prioritises
Moreover, the next actions are designed to enhance cross-departmental understanding in Grenada and facilitate collaboration, by making certain a standard understanding and method to marine administration:
make sure that a ridge to reef (Islands Techniques Administration) method is adopted within the improvement of the NOP, Marine Spatial Plans, Coastal Grasp Plans and the supply of MEP actions recognized as precedence for Grenada
perform a evaluate of the present regulatory system of marine environmental administration and necessities of the Nationwide Environmental Coverage and Administration Technique (NEMS), figuring out gaps and actions to take to enhance laws. This can assist present the premise for the coordinating mechanism with ICZM to supply a hyperlink between land and marine planning
undertake a pure capital analysis of Grenada’s marine and coastal surroundings to grasp the worth of marine ecosystem companies total to tell resolution making and marine administration. The findings must be included within the Ocean Standing Reviews
set up a clearly communicated, co-ordinating mechanism for the implementation of the MEP
Precedence 2 – Capability
Human capability and expertise are key challenges to the implementation of the MEP and mainstreaming the ideas of the blue economic system and marine spatial administration throughout all departments and businesses in Grenada. Outdoors of presidency, there’s a have to deal with rising expertise for brand new jobs within the maritime economic system, St. George’s College has a key position to play on this. An pressing evaluate of Grenada’s institutional capability wants is required within the following areas:
fisheries: fishing is vital for each native meals safety and earnings technology in Grenada. Fisheries administration is challenged by restricted human sources and operational capability for analysis, monitoring, compliance and enforcement. Understanding the capability challenges will inform the event of a revised Fisheries Coverage and motion plan
marine protected areas: evaluate present MPA boundaries and administration in Grenada. This can inform the administration programs and capability necessities wanted for present MPAs, the necessity to replace them, to tell the designation of any new MPAs and ongoing administration necessities for all new and future MPAs in Grenada.
marine analysis: there is no such thing as a strategic overview of marine analysis necessities for Grenada, or an understanding of the capability, functionality and partnerships out there to tell, undertake and disseminate marine analysis. Analysis and the dissemination of findings (linking to Precedence 4 – Communication) is vital to tell and develop sustainable marine administration and Grenada’s maritime economic system sectors
land and water administration and use planning: the hyperlink between land use administration and inland water sources and flood administration to coastal water high quality and ecosystems companies is recognised within the Island Techniques Administration method, nonetheless extra sources are wanted to implement this virtually together with by the Land Coverage and Built-in Useful resource Water Administration Plan (within the means of gaining Cupboard approval)
Precedence 3: Dedication
Future funding to sort out marine points shall be depending on Grenada with the ability to exhibit, by this MEP and the Grenada NOP, that funding will result in a useful legacy for residents and the marine surroundings. It’s of significance, subsequently, that governmental dedication ensures that the implementation of the MEP is totally costed, suitably aligned to authorities sectoral budgets and endorsed by all Grenada NOGC members (see Precedence 1 – collaboration). As well as, finance and co-financing mechanisms have to be clearly recognized and disbursement modalities secured for related MEP supply.
Precedence 4: Communication
Growing public consciousness, understanding and appreciation of the significance of the ocean, the Grenada NOP and the MEP by training and outreach is a vital short-term motion. This could embrace the creation of a course of for lively public participation in planning, coverage and resolution making which is prone to embody the necessity for a public consciousness, training and outreach technique to be developed and applied. This builds on cross-departmental dissemination and consciousness elevating (see Precedence 1 – collaboration) and extends to companies, communities and most people throughout Grenada. Growing and enhancing expertise and coaching for jobs is vital – each educational and vocational coaching, notably if new areas are to be made essentially the most of e.g. mariculture, growth of tourism. St. George’s College has a job to play right here.
8.3 5.3. Motion Plans
Actions, main actors and desired outcomes are offered for every maritime economic system sector within the following pages. Suggestions and actions have been drafted to be related and relevant to each men and women, and to all of Grenada’s communities. Key messages and suggestions that would present alternatives for girls are highlighted. Every sector is given a prioritisation for motion primarily based on the categorisation under.
Priorities have been categorised as follows:
sq.: this work is pressing. It’s essential to each GDP and /or Grenada’s means to adapt to local weather change
circle: this work is new / wants consideration. Sustainably growing it additional now would assist to construct a future sustainable maritime economic system ‘sport changer’ for Grenada
triangle: this work is properly established and already crucial to Grenada’s blue economic system. Consideration to implementation plan ideas will additional strengthen the sector
5.3.1. Coastal Growth
Standing – Bedrock (Established)
SUGGESTED PRIORITY: This work is pressing. It’s essential to each GDP and /or the power to adapt to local weather change
Human capability and expertise are a constraint within the administration and planning for sustainable coastal improvement. There’s a want for higher coordination between resolution making our bodies.
Laws and planning controls are a constraint to planning and managing improvement sustainably and don’t facilitate cross-departmental coordination; there may be presently no overarching Atmosphere Act, EIA Rules are in draft and there’s no updated Nationwide Bodily Growth Plan in place.
The Division of Atmosphere’s lack of legislative energy implies that they depend on influencing, advising and guiding others to make sure environmental compliance by different supply routes. Given the dearth of a legislative framework, environmental coverage paperwork are crucial to the Division of Atmosphere (DoE) to assist direct others in an acceptable method.
MPA designation and administration is the accountability of the Division of Fisheries (DoF). The PPU will not be straight concerned in MPA designation however the presence of MPAs impacts planning coverage and actions for which the PPU is accountable.
The PPU doesn’t have the experience / capability to evaluate coastal / marine purposes or Environmental Affect Assessments (EIAs), though the PPU does seek the advice of different authorities departments on purposes and EIAs for his or her enter into the decision-making course of.
To be able to meet present challenges and realise future alternatives the next concerns must be taken into consideration by resolution makers as regards to future coastal improvement in Grenada:
take into account all related local weather resilience or coastal administration plans or insurance policies when growing any coastal or marine spatial plans
take into account a precautionary and risk-based method, together with using environmental impression assessments to make sure that actions and developments within the coastal zone are local weather resilient and sustainable
make sure that coverage and regulatory supply is built-in between related ICZM coverage and the brand new NOP (2019), contemplating hyperlinks to the Draft Land Coverage and Built-in Water Useful resource Administration Plan for an Island Techniques Administration (ISM) method to assist deal with water sources and flood danger administration in any respect ranges and air pollution management within the nearshore space from each coastal and land-based sources
Nationwide Parks and Protected Areas (NPPAs) on land should be preserved and co-managed with the marine surroundings
coastal entry rights to the water is a big challenge. Clear coverage must be developed to make sure standardisation and transparency concerning entry
make sure that evidence-based resolution making is utilized for coastal developments. This contains making certain a strong Environmental Affect Evaluation (EIA) framework that’s adhered to. It is crucial that an EIA is up to date or a brand new EIA is undertaken for improvement extensions
panorama administration and reversal of land degradation points must be thought of for all coastal improvement schemes
Grenada would profit from introducing a call -making framework to help Fast Evaluation in improvement management
Bettering legislative powers, clear strategic improvement planning and enhancing expertise and capability to manage
and implement planning and improvement is crucial to attain sustainable coastal improvement.
[Grenada Coastal Development]
5.3.2. Transport and Ports
Standing – Bedrock (Established)
Steered precedence: This work is properly established and already crucial to Grenada’s sustainable maritime economic system. Consideration to implementation plan ideas will additional strengthen the sector.
Coordination with different resolution makers is essential for the Grenada Port Authority (GPA) – choices each at a coverage and supply stage that have an effect on port operations or the marine surroundings could be made with out GPA information.
The power to observe, management and reply to human exercise at sea is key to the power to handle and plan marine sources, shield the marine surroundings and implement the rule of regulation. Grenada should make sure that sufficient charts and hydrographic companies can be found in step with nationwide, regional and worldwide commitments. Capability constructing, regional cooperation and coaching, and making certain efficient hydrographic governance are required to grasp what is happening inside Grenada’s marine house. Capability in each employees and gear / vessels are required to answer this data for efficient compliance and enforcement and emergency response.
Key messages:
leisure / yacht and cruise visitors is predicted to extend and is being inspired to develop the tourism sector. The necessities wanted to help this progress sustainably should be thought of strategically, together with:
port / harbour and onshore infrastructure and services to help the expansion e.g. potential new delivery routes, berthing services, lodging, transport, want for elevated cargo / delivery, and many others
boat constructing is vital for maritime commerce and there’s a want to preserve and develop boat constructing tasks
this might want to hyperlink to each services and human sources / coaching
means of present and future port / harbour services to extend resilience to / adapt to local weather change as they’re developed / develop
spatial, social and environmental impacts of predicted will increase and the necessity to handle / mitigate these. This contains each terrestrial and marine points, comparable to navigational security, entry to areas for different actions (e.g. fishing), conservation and administration (e.g. MPAs, reefs, and many others.)
port waste / waste water services are usually not ample to deal with present ranges of visitors – addressing future progress necessities is crucial to stop environmental and human well being impacts
capability constructing for GPA, DoE, DoF and PPU to strategically plan, handle, monitor and implement port / harbour improvement, operation and navigation. This requires employees, coaching and gear
Water high quality / waste administration controls are prone to change into more and more vital because the tourism business grows, all types of marine visitors enhance and extra strain is placed on port / harbour / marine services.
[Grenada Shipping and ports]
5.3.3. Fisheries
Standing – Bedrock (Established)
Steered precedence: This work is properly established and already crucial to Grenada’s sustainable maritime economic system. Consideration to implementation plan ideas will additional strengthen the sector.
The Nationwide Fisheries Coverage stays in draft, and is centred on 5 themes:
1: Enhancing the standing and functionality of fishers
2: Sustainable stewardship & conservation of aquatic sources
3: Realising the event potential inherent inside the fisheries sector
4: Sustaining the sector’s position in sustaining livelihoods of the poor
5: Producing a constructive interplay with Grenada’s wider financial group
Key messages:
fisheries administration, inventory evaluation, administration plans, monitoring and enforcement capability is required to help present fisheries, MPAs and leisure fishing; and to make sure the event of recent markets and tourism fishing is sustainable. Science-based administration plans are required and the draft Nationwide Fisheries Coverage requires updating and finalising
enhance collaboration with neighbouring island states in relation to their involvement in fisheries and the trans-boundary nature of fish shares – actively interact by CARICOM’s Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM) and the Caribbean Widespread Fisheries Coverage
MPA administration helps each fisheries and tourism. The designation and administration of MPAs must help the co-existence of each sectors. Cross-government engagement and cooperation is required. Entry to vital conventional fish sources / for meals supply must be supported, the place fishing practices are in step with administration goals. Tourism improvement / leisure craft use of vital fishing areas mustn’t impression on habitat or fish shares. EIA, water high quality administration, non-destructive mooring must be inspired and enforced. Administration / enforcement capability is required throughout authorities
the potential social, environmental and financial impacts of different actions and improvement on fishing and fisheries (e.g. spawning, nursery grounds) should be thought of (e.g. tourism, harbour, coastal improvement)
sport / leisure fishing administration and enforcement will not be on a par with industrial fisheries. As tourism grows this may occasionally impression key shares. Leisure fishing vessels are usually not registered in the identical manner as industrial vessels; this wants to enhance with a view to handle / implement this sector appropriately
help for the event of fisheries merchandise and markets, together with oceanic pelagic species and native inshore species. Coaching for longline and pelagic fishermen is required
coaching and improvement for fishers to enhance security, catch high quality and non-destructive fishing strategies – security at sea, enterprise and monetary administration, co-management with regulators, and many others
Sargassum administration is a cross-cutting challenge affecting fisheries, tourism and ports / harbours – collaboration is required throughout authorities and sector members to handle this, together with analysis into administration methods and / or makes use of for Sargassum
[Grenada Fisheries]
5.3.4. Aquaculture
Standing – Rising (Not Established)
Steered precedence: This work is new / wants consideration. Sustainably growing it additional now would assist to construct a future sustainable maritime economic system ‘sport changer’’ for Grenada.
The federal government is supportive of a rise in aquaculture and mariculture. There’s a recognition that this must be finished in a manner that gives diversification for the fishing business however doesn’t compete straight with fishers.
Key messages:
alternatives for aquaculture improvement (tilapia, freshwater prawns and seamoss) as an alternative choice to seize fisheries must be assessed (through extra detailed feasibility research) and as an avenue for agricultural diversification
aquaculture improvement – onshore and in coastal areas – is constrained by house and competitors with different sectors. Collaboration is required throughout authorities to think about strategic areas for all alternatives and the potential for co-location of actions
gender associated features within the aquaculture sector require additional consideration
[Grenada Aquaculture and Mariculture]
5.3.5. Tourism
Sector Standing – Bedrock (Established)
Steered precedence: This work is properly established and already crucial to Grenada’s sustainable maritime economic system. Consideration to implementation plan ideas will additional strengthen the sector.
Tourism actions are the main contributor of earnings for the Grenadian economic system and are central to coastal communities, supporting their high quality of life, with many native companies counting on the marine surroundings for his or her livelihoods.
Tourism is closely reliant on the marine surroundings by way of cruise ship tourism, seaside aspect motels, scuba diving, leisure bathing, yachting and aggressive open-water swimming. The standard and standing of the marine surroundings subsequently has a big impression on the worth of this sector, relying on how vacationers understand the standard of the marine surroundings and the expertise it provides, relative to different international locations.
Key messages:
tourism improvement have to be sustainable. There’s appreciable potential for progress (from rising markets in China, Japan) and for progress to learn different sectors within the provide chain (agriculture, fishing, development, and many others.)
sustaining a top quality coastal and marine surroundings underpins the tourism sector. The federal government recognises the dangers to the surroundings from tourism and to tourism from environmental degradation. Tourism developments mustn’t adversely have an effect on the surroundings or ecosystem companies (pure coastal safety from reefs, water high quality, fish shares, and many others.). A strong EIA, planning, constructing code and enforcement system is vital, with capability for the PPU to ship / implement
water high quality poses a possible danger to sustainable tourism improvement – dangers to environmental and human well being. Water high quality monitoring and enhancements are required to satisfy regional / worldwide requirements for leisure water high quality and to cut back the danger to ecosystems and meals fisheries. By 2025, there’s a have to considerably scale back marine air pollution of all types, together with land-based actions comparable to marine particles and nutrient air pollution. It is crucial that administration of water high quality is taken into account with agriculture and land use administration and the consequences of air pollution on human and ecosystem well being in addition to livelihoods. This hyperlinks to priorities within the Coastal Growth sector for the NOP to hyperlink with the Draft Land Coverage and Built-in Water Useful resource Administration Plan for an island programs administration method and capability necessities to ship this
help is required to strengthen the participation of native communities in enhancing water and sanitation administration and consciousness of the advantages and impacts to coastal livelihoods
a holistic island programs administration (ISM) method is vital to ship tourism coverage goals sustainably
– most infrastructure and coastal entry is land-based however requires marine spatial planning to help entry (cruise, leisure) and tourism actions (seashores, yachting). The coast is the gateway to the inside of the islands, which provides alternatives for the diversification of tourism actions away from primarily coastal / seaside / marine primarily based actions. ISM manages the interactions of tourism with different actions requiring entry to shared areas (delivery, fishing) and for supporting ecosystem companies (water high quality, fishing, coastal safety, seashores)
pure capital valuation of marine tourism ecosystems and interactive Local weather Sensible public consciousness actions will help ISM and sustainable tourism improvement
consideration and administration of the carrying capability of the marine, coastal and terrestrial environments in planning and managing the demand for brand new companies or actions and predicted will increase in customer numbers is required
urge for food for agro-tourism is excessive in Grenada and might play a job in regional and native tourism. Hyperlinks between climbing, agro-tourism and ecosystem companies must be explored. (It is a terrestrially pushed coverage however hyperlinks to insurance policies to develop / diversify coastal tourism sustainably)
Sustainable tourism and recreation can solely thrive with a well-managed, wholesome and secure marine surroundings.
[Grenada Tourism]
[Sandy beach in Grenada]
5.3.6. Vitality (together with Renewable Vitality)
Bedrock (Established) – diesel import / Rising (Not Established) – renewables
Steered precedence: this work is properly established and already crucial to Grenada’s sustainable maritime economic system. Consideration to implementation plan ideas will additional strengthen the sector.
On a world scale Offshore Renewable Vitality (ORE) is attracting nice expertise and undertaking improvement curiosity. SIDS could make nice instances for piloting new applied sciences or showcasing new technological options, attracting buyers and sponsors.
Grenada has potential entry to geothermal vitality, which isn’t out there to many different Caribbean international locations.
Key messages:
the federal government is dedicated to renewables and lowering carbon emissions. There are particular targets for enhancing effectivity in demand and manufacturing and for growing renewables contribution to the vitality technology combine
exploration has recognized a pure fuel useful resource to the south of Grenada. Whereas the federal government is eager to grasp the extent of the useful resource out there, an acceptable regulatory framework have to be in place to permit full consideration of the environmental, social and financial advantages of any fuel extraction actions earlier than it’s authorised. All related authorities departments with accountability for assessing, allowing and monitoring these actions have to be appropriately staffed and skilled to cope with the particular technical points related to fuel extraction and should work collectively to make sure joined up administration – Ministry of Finance, Planning, Financial Growth & Bodily Growth, PPU, DoE, and many others
offshore renewables are of much less precedence than onshore renewables. Onshore renewables are less expensive, with appreciable potential. At a nationwide stage, the precedence must be focussed on enhancing vitality effectivity and low carbon vitality technology
cautious evaluation shall be required for web site choice (location) and environmental impression of renewable vitality improvement
there may be an pressing requirement to replace the Nationwide Vitality Coverage
the transition in the direction of using renewable vitality requires multilateral funding help
this can be a terrestrially pushed precedence space however it’s going to help the maritime economic system
There are alternatives for marine renewables, however the focus of low carbon, low value vitality technology must be a terrestrial-driven coverage precedence.
[Grenada Energy]
5.3.7. Ecosystem companies
Standing – Rising (Not Established)
Steered precedence: this work is new / wants consideration. Sustainably growing it additional now would assist to construct a future sustainable maritime economic system ‘sport changer’’ for Grenada.
Whereas ecosystem companies are ubiquitous and help each bedrock and rising maritime economic system sectors, their integration into resolution making and makes an attempt to quantify their worth, are usually not but mainstreamed. They’re subsequently described as ‘rising’.
Key messages:
ecosystem companies underpin the tourism business, which is basically vital to the economic system of Grenada. The sector additionally places strain on these ecosystem companies from actions comparable to coastal improvement, water use, waste / waste water disposal, unintended / deliberate injury
pure capital valuation is required to grasp the worth of ecosystem items and companies and use this data to tell decision-making
make sure that any coastal or marine spatial planning course of aligns with present mechanisms by contemplating areas and options of significance for nature conservation and wider biodiversity in growing insurance policies and areas for different marine actions, and in allowing new improvement
ISM is vital to help the combination of ecosystem companies and pure capital valuation into the choice making course of, making certain that each one sectors are given ample consideration
The worth of ecosystem companies must be higher understood and integrated into decision-making.
[Grenada ecosystem services]
5.3.8. Abstract of all really helpful actions
The desk under summarises the really helpful actions and outcomes for all maritime economic system sectors in Grenada. Some extra clarification and clarification of the really helpful actions are given under, which expands on the abstract textual content within the figures in sections 5.3.1 – 5.3.7.
9. 6. Implementation
9.1 6.1. Transition to a Blue Economic system
Making use of blue economic system ideas and strengthening the contribution that the maritime sector makes to nationwide GDP is among the most constructive interventions that SIDS could make in response to local weather change. With its mountainous hinterland and closely populated coastal zone, Grenada is being squeezed by sea stage rise and damaging local weather change impacts. The extra that Grenada is ready to look out to sea for its local weather adaptation options the extra resilient it is going to be. This method will serve to really embrace the imaginative and prescient of a Giant Ocean State.
Determine 7 under reveals an instance of a fascinating blue economic system framework. This shift within the mind-set in regards to the maritime economic system permits a rustic to maneuver away from a linear, compartmentalised, and sectoral method to ocean administration with weak connections, linkages, and synergies between varied scales of intervention (international, worldwide, and nationwide). It facilitates a transfer in the direction of a extra built-in, systemic, dynamic, inclusive, participatory, and ecosystem-based method wherein sectoral boundaries are minimised, at each the members’ and governance stage. This new mind-set recognises that environmental, social, and financial dimensions are intertwined and pursued collectively for all blue maritime economic system actions.
The blue economic system (of which this Maritime Economic system Plan represents a key constructing block) adheres intently to the ideas of Built-in Coastal Zone Administration (ICZM). This centres on the ecosystem method and embeds the ideas of the UNEP ‘Inexperienced Economic system in a Blue World’ report and sustainable improvement. It takes into consideration the three pillars of environmental, financial, and social sustainability, as highlighted within the 2012 Rio+20 final result doc, ‘The Future We Need’, and the UN five-year Motion Agenda 2012–2016.
[Figure 7 – A Desirable Blue Economy Framework]
The blue economic system promotes the conservation of aquatic and marine ecosystems and the sustainable use and administration of sources. It builds on ideas of fairness, low carbon improvement, useful resource effectivity, and social inclusion.
The idea integrates the blue economic system sectors by a socially inclusive course of geared toward sparking a structural transformation, selling built-in improvement, and improved regional cooperation and coordination.
The transformative work required to maneuver in the direction of full software of Blue Economic system Planning ideas in Governmental Technique, Coverage and Implementation is probably a tough however essential step. While Blue Economic system ideas are starting to change into mainstream, notably throughout Island Nations, only a few international locations have begun to arrange nationwide stage Maritime Economic system Plans, and all stay a way off implementation.
As a nation that’s on the local weather change entrance line, but additionally rising by way of total nationwide GDP Grenada is properly positioned to play an exemplary position in blue financial transformation. This MEP lastly explores briefly the essential topic of accessing finance and concludes through a short evaluate of potential state of affairs and distance to journey in embedding the Ideas of a Sustainable Maritime Economic system in societal decision-making. That is offered diagrammatically in part 6.3.
9.2 6.2. Accessing Ocean and Local weather Finance
A key advantage of strategic planning of any variety is that it will possibly present better readability and energy as a foundation for coordinated bilateral and multilateral funding. This MEP has been drafted with a watch to potential funding streams and it’s anticipated that following session and finalisation this plan could also be utilized by the federal government to help bid prioritisation and coordination.
Grenada already receives exterior funding help and has skilled success on this space. The next devices and forms of fund are prone to show worthwhile at implementation stage:
many improvement companions function within the area and most embody features of the maritime sector of their areas of help. Main improvement companions within the area embody the Caribbean Growth Financial institution (CDB), Inter-American Growth Financial institution (IDB), EU, UN, World Financial institution in addition to nationwide businesses comparable to USAID (USA), GIZ (Germany), JICA (Japan) and the UK (FCDO, CME, CIF)
Grenada has gained entry to local weather and sustainable improvement finance from a variety of worldwide funding sources. The next funds are notably related to the implementation of this Maritime Economic system Plan – Adaptation Fund; World Atmosphere Facility; Inexperienced Local weather Fund, Particular Local weather Change Fund (SCCF), Clear Expertise Fund (CTF)
Grenada, like many Caribbean international locations, operates a CBI programme, which is used to help nationwide financial progress. This may very well be focused in the direction of blue maritime sector improvement
a blue bond is a debt instrument issued by governments, improvement banks or others to lift capital to finance marine- and ocean-based tasks which have constructive environmental, financial and local weather profit. Different SIDS are already exploring the potential of blue bond creation and income as a part of their maritime economic system help mechanisms e.g. Seychelles, Fiji
It’s endorsed that the next prompt Implementation Pathway Actions will profit from coordinated proposals for improvement help:
a formally established Grenada Nationwide Ocean Governance Committee (NOGC) and with sources and remit to develop and implement the Grenada NOP, integrating particular MEP suggestions and actions, to ship built-in marine spatial planning with sustainable blue financial progress
port and delivery Grasp plan with a phased improve and improvement of small, medium and enormous infrastructure to take account of tourism / customer improvement progress and the required help companies. This could embody essential waste and waste-water infrastructure to make sure water high quality is maintained and improved. This have to be backed up with sources to observe and implement requirements e.g. water high quality
replace and implementation of environmental regulation for EIA and integration into planning / improvement course of and a coaching and improvement programme / scheme to make sure it has cross-departmental understanding, uptake and enforcement to ship strategic improvement outcomes in addition to inform particular person planning choices. This has advantages throughout a number of sectors – coastal improvement, tourism, ports / delivery – as EIA, local weather resilient design, constructing codes and enforcement of the identical is required for all developments. Sources, consciousness elevating and coaching is required for particular employees and throughout authorities
replace the Nationwide Bodily Growth Plan, taking account of a ridge to reef (Islands Techniques Administration) method and linked to the NOP, Marine Spatial Plans, Coastal Grasp Plans and improvement wants projections (housing, tourism progress, port masterplan, and many others.). Hyperlink to new EIA laws and implementation
undertake a pure capital valuation to grasp the worth of ecosystem items and companies and underpin / combine into resolution making and planning
